表象与本质 | Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking by Douglas R. Hofstadter, Emmanuel Sander mobi epub azw3 pdf 电子书下载

闻名世界的认知科学家侯世达凭借独特的智慧与天赋，联合法国心理学家桑德尔，终于向世人展示了这部极具开创性的著作，一解人类认知之谜。

一如之前的《集异璧》，《表象与本质》深刻地丰富了我们对心智的理解，它带领读者进入语言、思想和记忆的各种丰富多彩的情境中去，逐步揭示出完全隐藏的认知机制，这些机制总是处于不断地变化之中，在这些认知机制里还发现了一个不变的核心——我们总是无意识地联系过往经验去做类比。本书对我们的思考提出了一个彻底而且令人震惊的新解释。文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

人类大脑中的每个概念都源于多年来不知不觉中形成的一长串类比，这些类比赋予每个概念生命，我们在一生中不断充实这些概念。大脑无时无刻都在作类比。类比，就是思考之源和思维之火。文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

我们的大脑是如何工作的？所谓的类比到底是什么?我们是怎么在截然不同的情景间建立起联系的？类比在学习的过程中发挥着怎样的作用？在爱因斯坦发现相对论的过程中，类比又扮演着怎样的角色？文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize–winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over thirty years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition.文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

We are constantly faced with a swirling and intermingling multitude of ill-defined situations. Our brain’s job is to try to make sense of this unpredictable, swarming chaos of stimuli. How does it do so? The ceaseless hail of input triggers analogies galore, helping us to pinpoint the essence of what is going on. Often this means the spontaneous evocation of words, sometimes idioms, sometimes the triggering of nameless, long-buried memories.文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

Why did two-year-old Camille proudly exclaim, “I undressed the banana!”? Why do people who hear a story often blurt out, “Exactly the same thing happened to me!” when it was a completely different event? How do we recognize an aggressive driver from a split-second glance in our rearview mirror? What in a friend’s remark triggers the offhand reply, “That’s just sour grapes”? What did Albert Einstein see that made him suspect that light consists of particles when a century of research had driven the final nail in the coffin of that long-dead idea?文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

The answer to all these questions, of course, is analogy-making—the meat and potatoes, the heart and soul, the fuel and fire, the gist and the crux, the lifeblood and the wellsprings of thought. Analogy-making, far from happening at rare intervals, occurs at all moments, defining thinking from top to toe, from the tiniest and most fleeting thoughts to the most creative scientific insights.文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html

Like G?del, Escher, Bach before it, Surfaces and Essences will profoundly enrich our understanding of our own minds. By plunging the reader into an extraordinary variety of colorful situations involving language, thought, and memory, by revealing bit by bit the constantly churning cognitive mechanisms normally completely hidden from view, and by discovering in them one central, invariant core—the incessant, unconscious quest for strong analogical links to past experiences—this book puts forth a radical and deeply surprising new vision of the act of thinking.文章源自：力哥爱英语（ienglish521.com）力哥爱英语-https://ienglish521.com/2771.html